| Abstract | Paper -a:
Travels and explorations, with their multiple functions and intents, have often been one of the more efficient instrument for the establishment and consolidation of new political powers. In the Islamic world, among the many forms to conceive of a travel, the pilgrimage, or the journey with religious purposes, have always played a role of primary importance. If we look at the Indian subcontinent, since the foundation of a stable Islamic power, Muslims sovereigns ascribed to the pilgrimage a crucial religious, and more often political, connotation. For many new dynasties a precise religious orientation constituted a declaration of identity, the possibility of strongly legitimate their right to succeeded to the throne and a way to conquest different political factions.
Thus, more precisely with the opening of the second half of the 14th century, various sources testify and accurately report pilgrimages to Mecca, but also frequent visits, made by sovereigns or members of the royal families, to local dargahs, trying to win the favour of a Sufi saint, in order to contribute to the political affirmation of themselves, their heirs, or husbands. In this context, purpose of the paper is to analyse sources relating some regional cases, with the intent to describe the phenomenon, demonstrate its spreading and its importance in influencing many aspects of the Sultanates' foundation.
Paper -b:
In his travels as papal legate in France and Germany, and in his letters as Pope that reached every corner of the continent, from Spain to Denmark, England to Byzantium, Gregory VII labored to bring all of Europe into the fold, and under the control of church in Rome. Somewhat counter intuitively, throughout the course of his career Gregory's diligence in pursuing the growth of the church tempered his zeal for strict obedience to the Holy See in order to insure that growth. In this paper, I will examine Gregory's legatine travels and his papal correspondence, arguing that these ventures sought to knit all of Europe together as the universal Church.
Paper -c:
Little is known about the childhood of either Leonor or Joanna, the two younger daughters of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. Their lack of mention in Angevin sources before their marriages – as opposed to their elder sister Matilda, who is frequently recorded travelling with her mother – might suggest that they spent their formative years in their parents' continental domains. However, it is evident from the Pipe Rolls that both Leonor and Joanna, like Matilda, spent their infancies and early childhoods with their itinerant mother. This paper will outline these journeys, and demonstrate how this frequent maternal contact impacted on these women, creating a lasting emotional family bond.
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