| Abstract | Paper -a:
Based on statistical analysis of 330 records (traditiones) such as gifts, leases and transfers, from period of the Brixen bishop Altwin (1049-1097), this paper presents data on donators and their donations to the Brixen church, i.e. its estates in Bavaria, Tyrol, Carinthia, and Carniola. Various kinds of possessions, like estates, farms, fields, meadows, vineyards, mills, forts and churches, but also rights, revenues, and subjects show what was economically valuable or useful for the Brixen Church to strenghten its position as a feudal lord and as important political factor. Persons mentioned in records (donators, donatories, advocates, mediators, and witnesses) show spectrum of medieval society, especially when their status had been mentioned (nobilis, ingenuus, libertus, miles, de familia, mancipium, servus). When connected to posessions, certain persons with the same name could be distinguished.
Paper -b:
In medieval Hungarian settlements, Church was often donated by citizens. This donations can spendidly show us the givers' property status and besides, sometimes their mentality. This paper aims to present the methods and features of donating, and people who donated their estates or other properties. In this respect, the most important and most valuable estates were vineyards, and mills. Other interesting part of donating in medieval market towns and cities was when members of a special and generally poor social group, namely widows donated their valuables to ecclesiestical institutions, and in return they were expected to give them annuity.
Paper -c:
In Moldavia of the mid-14th century the concern for religious life parallels the concern for politic and economic development. There is a flourishing period in which the Musatin dynasty is involved in constructing churches and monasteries, supporting monastic life through donations, and subordinating several churches to a few more important monasteries - as the monastery of Bistrita. During the rule of Alexander the Good, appears in Moldovita Monastery the first school of miniatures, represented by the famous monk Gabriel Uric, who left a precious and delightful Tetra Evangel, which is currently placed in the Bodleian Library of Oxford.
Paper -d:
The foundation of the oldest large monasteries in Walachia and Transylvania is due to the activity of Saint Nicodemus (†1406) and to the generosity of the local ruling princes of the 14th and 15th centuries. These monasteries (Tismana, Vodiţa, Vişina, Topolniţa, Prislop) become centres of material welfare thanks to the donations of the Walachian and Serbian ruling families, including lands and villages, possessions guaranteed even by the Hungarian King, but also symbols of Orthodox splendor by collecting valuable religious objects. Developing schools of calligraphers and copyists, they contributed immensely to the local spiritual enrichment, leaving behind unique illuminated manuscripts.
|
|---|
