| Abstract | Paper -a:
Within the hagiographic genre, an undoubtedly important position is reserved for translated literature. As a matter of fact, a considerable part of the texts at the basis of the medieval civilization consists of works originally written in ancient Greek or Hebrew. These works are known in the Western Europe only through their translation into Latin. In particular, between the 9th and 11th centuries in Naples and Amalfi, there was a school of translators-hagiographers: their works were mostly translations that transmitted the memory of monastic texts of Byzantine age.
Paper -b:
In the early Middle Ages there were many terms for relics. The semantic range is especially rich in medieval Ireland due to the fact that the sources survive in two written languages. This extensive vocabulary can reveal insights into the interactions of the Irish church with the wider Christian world, the use of both languages by Irish writers, and the cult of relics. This paper will focus on one of these terms, benedictio. It will explore the etymology of the term and its use in Irish hagiographical and theological sources to denote a tangible blessing or relic.
Paper -c:
My paper asks how a variety of early medieval Rules and Saints' Lives quote the Bible. Specifically, in what contexts does the Bible speak directly to monks and nuns and when do monks and nuns quote the Bible directly? While both Rules and Lives written before the year 700 frequently quote the Bible, direct biblical quotations by monks and nuns are rare, outside of liturgical contexts. Only certain authors explicitly place the words of scripture into a conversation, either between different human beings, or between the monks and God. As this paper will demonstrate, speaking the words of the Bible is often linked to perfection and to humility.
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